二、Windows按键消息—为SYSMETS加上键盘处理功能
在编写第四章中三个版本的SYSMETS程序时,我们还不了解键盘,只能使用滚动条和鼠标来卷动文字。现在我们知道了处理键盘消息的方法,那么不妨在程序中加入键盘接口。显然,这是处理光标移动键的工作。我们将大多数光标键(Home、End、Page Up、Page Down、Up Arrow和Down Arrow)用于垂直卷动,左箭头键和右箭头键用于不太重要的水平卷动。
建立键盘接口的一种简单方法是在窗口消息处理程序中加入与WM_VSCROLL和WM_HSCROLL处理方式相仿,而且本质上相同的WM_KEYDOWN处理方法。不过这样子做是不聪明的,因为如果要修改滚动条的做法,就必须相对应地修改WM_KEYDOWN。
为什么不简单地将每一种WM_KEYDOWN消息都翻译成同等效用的WM_VSCROLL或者WM_HSCROLL消息呢?通过向窗口消息处理程序发送假冒消息,我们可能会让WndProc认为它获得了卷动信息。
在Windows中,这种方法是可行的。发送消息的函数叫做SendMessage,它所用的参数与传递到窗口消息处理程序的参数是相同的:
SendMessage (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
在呼叫SendMessage时,Windows呼叫窗口句柄为hwnd的窗口消息处理程序,并把这四个参数传给它。当窗口消息处理程序完成消息处理之后,Windows把控制传回到SendMessage呼叫之后的下一道叙述。您发送消息过去的窗口消息处理程序,可以是同一个窗口消息处理程序、同一程序中的其它窗口消息处理程序或者其它应用程序,中的窗口消息处理程序。
下面说明在SYSMETS程序中使用SendMessage处理WM_KEYDOWN代码的方法:
caseWM_KEYDOWN: switch (wParam) { case VK_HOME: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_TOP, 0) ; break ; case VK_END: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_BOTTOM, 0) ; break ; case VK_PRIOR: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_PAGEUP, 0) ; break ;
至此,您已经有了大概观念了吧。我们的目标是为滚动条添加键盘接口,并且也正在这么做。通过把卷动消息发送到窗口消息处理程序,我们实作了用光标移动键进行卷动列的功能。现在您知道在SYSMETS3中为WM_VSCROLL消息加上SB_TOP和SB_BOTTOM处理码的原因了吧。在那里并没有用到它,但是现在处理Home和End键时就有用了。如程序6-1所示的SYSENTS4就加上了这些变化。编译这个程序时还需要用到第四章的SYSMETS.H文件。
SYSMETS4.C /*---------------------------------------------------------------------- SYSMETS4.C -- System Metrics Display Program No. 4 (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> #include "sysmets.h" LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("SysMets4") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground= (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName= NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName= szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("Program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Get System Metrics No. 4"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL | WS_HSCROLL, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static int cxChar, cxCaps, cyChar, cxClient, cyClient, iMaxWidth ; HDC hdc ; int i, x, y, iVertPos, iHorzPos, iPaintBeg, iPaintEnd ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; SCROLLINFO si ; TCHAR szBuffer[10] ; TEXTMETRIC tm ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; GetTextMetrics (hdc, &tm) ; cxChar= tm.tmAveCharWidth ; cxCaps= (tm.tmPitchAndFamily & 1 ? 3 : 2) * cxChar / 2 ; cyChar= tm.tmHeight + tm.tmExternalLeading ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; // Save the width of the three columns iMaxWidth = 40 * cxChar + 22 * cxCaps ; return 0 ; case WM_SIZE: cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; // Set vertical scroll bar range and page size si.cbSize = sizeof (si) ; si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE ; si.nMin = 0 ; si.nMax = NUMLINES - 1 ; si.nPage = cyClient / cyChar ; SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE) ; // Set horizontal scroll bar range and page size si.cbSize = sizeof (si) ; si.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE ; si.nMin = 0 ; si.nMax = 2 + iMaxWidth / cxChar ; si.nPage = cxClient / cxChar ; SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE) ; return 0 ; case WM_VSCROLL: // Get all the vertical scroll bar information si.cbSize = sizeof (si) ; si.fMask = SIF_ALL ; GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si) ; // Save the position for comparison later on iVertPos = si.nPos ; switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case SB_TOP: si.nPos = si.nMin ; break ; case SB_BOTTOM: si.nPos = si.nMax ; break ; case SB_LINEUP: si.nPos -= 1 ; break ; case SB_LINEDOWN: si.nPos += 1 ; break ; case SB_PAGEUP: si.nPos -= si.nPage ; break ; case SB_PAGEDOWN: si.nPos += si.nPage ; break ; case SB_THUMBTRACK: si.nPos = si.nTrackPos ; break ; default: break ; } // Set the position and then retrieve it. Due to adjustments // by Windows it might not be the same as the value set. si.fMask = SIF_POS ; SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE) ; GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si) ; // If the position has changed, scroll the window and update it if (si.nPos != iVertPos) { ScrollWindow (hwnd, 0, cyChar * (iVertPos - si.nPos), NULL, NULL) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; } return 0 ; case WM_HSCROLL: // Get all the vertical scroll bar information si.cbSize = sizeof (si) ; si.fMask = SIF_ALL ; // Save the position for comparison later on GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si) ; iHorzPos = si.nPos ; switch (LOWORD (wParam)) { case SB_LINELEFT: si.nPos -= 1 ; break ; case SB_LINERIGHT: si.nPos += 1 ; break ; case SB_PAGELEFT: si.nPos -= si.nPage ; break ; case SB_PAGERIGHT: si.nPos += si.nPage ; break ; case SB_THUMBPOSITION: si.nPos = si.nTrackPos ; break ; default: break ; } // Set the position and then retrieve it. Due to adjustments // by Windows it might not be the same as the value set. si.fMask = SIF_POS ; SetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si, TRUE) ; GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si) ; // If the position has changed, scroll the window if (si.nPos != iHorzPos) { ScrollWindow (hwnd, cxChar * (iHorzPos - si.nPos), 0, NULL, NULL) ; } return 0 ; case WM_KEYDOWN: switch (wParam) { case VK_HOME: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_TOP, 0) ; break ; case VK_END: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_BOTTOM, 0) ; break ; case VK_PRIOR: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_PAGEUP, 0) ; break ; case VK_NEXT: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_PAGEDOWN, 0) ; break ; case VK_UP: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_LINEUP, 0) ; break ; case VK_DOWN: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_LINEDOWN, 0) ; break ; case VK_LEFT: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_HSCROLL, SB_PAGEUP, 0) ; break ; case VK_RIGHT: SendMessage (hwnd, WM_HSCROLL, SB_PAGEDOWN, 0) ; break ; } return 0 ; case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; // Get vertical scroll bar position si.cbSize = sizeof (si) ; si.fMask = SIF_POS ; GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_VERT, &si) ; iVertPos = si.nPos ; // Get horizontal scroll bar position GetScrollInfo (hwnd, SB_HORZ, &si) ; iHorzPos = si.nPos ; // Find painting limits iPaintBeg = max (0, iVertPos + ps.rcPaint.top / cyChar) ; iPaintEnd = min (NUMLINES - 1, iVertPos + ps.rcPaint.bottom / cyChar) ; for (i = iPaintBeg ; i <= iPaintEnd ; i++) { x = cxChar * (1 - iHorzPos) ; y = cyChar * (i - iVertPos) ; TextOut (hdc, x, y, sysmetrics[i].szLabel, lstrlen (sysmetrics[i].szLabel)) ; TextOut (hdc, x + 22 * cxCaps, y, sysmetrics[i].szDesc, lstrlen (sysmetrics[i].szDesc)) ; SetTextAlign (hdc, TA_RIGHT | TA_TOP) ; TextOut (hdc, x + 22 * cxCaps + 40 * cxChar, y, szBuffer, wsprintf (szBuffer, TEXT ("%5d"), GetSystemMetrics (sysmetrics[i].iIndex))) ; SetTextAlign (hdc, TA_LEFT | TA_TOP) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }